Sunday, November 24, 2019

Free Essays on Jesus Treatment of Women

Jesus Treatment of Women In the beginning of Luke 7, according to the NRSV, Jesus enters Capernaum. He has just finished his Sermon on the Plain, and upon his arrival to Capernaum he encounters a Centurion. The Centurion becomes the fleshed-out version of the sermon and he becomes the ironic match for a person of faith. Jesus proceeds to a town called Nain with a great procession, his disciples and a large crowd of followers. As he approached the town a dead man was being taken out. He was the son of a widow and he was her only child. Jesus felt compassion for her and touched the man and commanded him to rise. Once the boy sat up and began to speak, the word about Jesus began to spread all throughout Judea. The people glorified God saying â€Å"A great prophet has risen among us!† John hears of Jesus and summons his disciples to speak to the Lord. Jesus vindicates John and some time thereafter in Luke 7: 36-50 Jesus is asked by Simon a Pharisee to eat with him. Jesus obliges and joins Simo n for a dinner banquet (Keener 208). After taking his place at the dinner table a woman from the city brought a jar of ointment and stood behind Jesus’ feet. She began to bathe Jesus’ feet with her tears and dried them with her hair. As she continued kissing and anointing the feet of Jesus, Simon the Pharisee, probably among many others, began to ask himself, â€Å"If this man were a prophet, he would have known who and what kind of woman this is who is touching him-that she is a sinner (NSRV).† Jesus tells Simon a parable about a creditor who canceled the debts of two debtors whom couldn’t pay, one who owed 500 denarii and the other who owed 50. Jesus asks Simon which debtor will love the creditor more. Simon replies, â€Å"I suppose the one with the greater debt (NRSV).† After judging rightly Jesus turns to the woman and reminds Simon that he didn’t give him water for his feet, he didn’t offer him a kiss, and didn’... Free Essays on Jesus Treatment of Women Free Essays on Jesus Treatment of Women Jesus Treatment of Women In the beginning of Luke 7, according to the NRSV, Jesus enters Capernaum. He has just finished his Sermon on the Plain, and upon his arrival to Capernaum he encounters a Centurion. The Centurion becomes the fleshed-out version of the sermon and he becomes the ironic match for a person of faith. Jesus proceeds to a town called Nain with a great procession, his disciples and a large crowd of followers. As he approached the town a dead man was being taken out. He was the son of a widow and he was her only child. Jesus felt compassion for her and touched the man and commanded him to rise. Once the boy sat up and began to speak, the word about Jesus began to spread all throughout Judea. The people glorified God saying â€Å"A great prophet has risen among us!† John hears of Jesus and summons his disciples to speak to the Lord. Jesus vindicates John and some time thereafter in Luke 7: 36-50 Jesus is asked by Simon a Pharisee to eat with him. Jesus obliges and joins Simo n for a dinner banquet (Keener 208). After taking his place at the dinner table a woman from the city brought a jar of ointment and stood behind Jesus’ feet. She began to bathe Jesus’ feet with her tears and dried them with her hair. As she continued kissing and anointing the feet of Jesus, Simon the Pharisee, probably among many others, began to ask himself, â€Å"If this man were a prophet, he would have known who and what kind of woman this is who is touching him-that she is a sinner (NSRV).† Jesus tells Simon a parable about a creditor who canceled the debts of two debtors whom couldn’t pay, one who owed 500 denarii and the other who owed 50. Jesus asks Simon which debtor will love the creditor more. Simon replies, â€Å"I suppose the one with the greater debt (NRSV).† After judging rightly Jesus turns to the woman and reminds Simon that he didn’t give him water for his feet, he didn’t offer him a kiss, and didn’...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Can Rousseau plausibly be described as a totalitarian democrat Essay

Can Rousseau plausibly be described as a totalitarian democrat - Essay Example While on the other hand, the education and religion comes under the vision as a biased and detrimental due to the reason that it fortified the individuals (Talmon,  Arieli  & Rotenstreich, pp. 37-50, 2002). The government body in the totalitarian democracy enjoys and leverage with complete power of confiscation and obligation. In simple words, the government has the right to direct and manipulate over each individual and everything else. This concept of totalitarian democracy to some extent goes up against by modern and contemporary experts. According to them, totalitarian democracy is the equality-oriented democracy where complete  rights  and freedoms of people should not come under holding as convict to traditions and social agreements (Talmon  & Arieli  & Rotenstreich, pp. 37-50, 2002). Jean Jacques Rousseau has been a significant and accepted name that advocated totalitarian democracy. In addition, Jean Jacques Rousseau has been a prominent name and one of the greatest figures in the history of the French Enlightenment as he was one of the popular French philosophers whose ideas and thoughts persuaded the French Revolution. In addition, more than just being a philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau has also gained a prominent name as an author/novelist, painter, political and educational theorist/philosopher, musicologist, and composer. Apart from achieving recognition as a totalitarian democrat, he was also a flourishing music composer and made remarkable contributions to the music as a theorist. His work of music has come under findings in the form of operas and several other forms (Jeske & Fumerton, pp. 66-75, 2011). At the initial stage, Rousseau gained reputation as a writer after winning the award for one of his writings. In addition, the history provides the fact that the political events occurred during the time of Jean Jacques Rousseau has been quite influential, particularly for the American and French Revolutions

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Co-Branding in the Fashion Industry Dissertation

Co-Branding in the Fashion Industry - Dissertation Example This study sought to investigate this assumption and in so doing, identify the determinants of successful versus unsuccessful co-branding ventures in the fashion industry. The question cited in the above was explored through a critical review of the literature and a survey of consumer opinion. The literature review, spread over two chapters, found that co-branding has the potential to significantly contribute to increased revenues for both of the partner firms and can enhance their respective market presence and visibility. On the downside, however, the findings of the literature review suggested that the greater majority of co-branding ventures failed and negatively reflected upon both of the partner brands. Within the context of the stated, the study focused on the identification of the reasons for failure. The literature review identified several causal factors, the most important of which was partner reputation. A company's market reputation determined consumer perceptions of it and, thus, its market performance. Brands which were identified as untrustworthy and unreliable were not likely to perform well on the market and were further found to nega tively impact upon partners within the context of a co-branding venture. The primary data supported the findings of the literature review. The study adopted a quasi experimental approach in which the factor of partner reputation was manipulated. The consumer survey showed that brands with a positive reputation were likely to suffer were they to ally themselves with a brand with a negative reputation, while that with the negative reputation was likely to benefit from partnership with a brand with a positive reputation. Total Words: 11,440 Table of Contents ii Declaration i Acknowledgements iii Abstract v Table... The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the impact of alliances among private organizations on people's perceptions of the impact of the pairings on attitudes toward the organizations. There is a marketing emphasis in this research that seeks to understand how people's perceptions of an organization are affected when it partners with another organization to pursue joint goals. The theoretical basis of this study draws upon the concept of brand alliances, or co-branding. A significant part of the dissertation will be devoted to a comprehensive review of the literature and to the process of precisely conceptualizing brand alliances in private organizations. This study is aimed at introducing brand alliances and examining their positive features, and also at identifying risks that organizations take in choosing other organizations with which to partner. Limited research is available on consumer perceptions of brand alliances in the private sector. Consequently, this dissertation research is exploratory in nature, seeking to identify issues that may arise and make suggestions regarding how they can be addressed. Organizations survive in part upon their reputations, embodied in the public perception of them. A business organization that sells a product- relies on the public perception of the quality of its product for sales. This includes visions of the quality of management, the reliability of its service guarantees, and the perception that the company stands behind its product.

Monday, November 18, 2019

Examine the nature of the distinctive managerial, organisational and Essay

Examine the nature of the distinctive managerial, organisational and developmental characteristics of small businesses vis-a-vis - Essay Example Coaching is more task-oriented whereas mentoring is driven by knowledge sharing meant in a spiritual context with the purpose of developing the personality of a learner. The understanding developed through the work of Garvey et al. (2008) is further strengthened through literary explanation provided by Robert Thurman, Meredith Belbin and Rosemary Ryan. Where Garvey et al. (2008) describes how the definitions of these two terms have evolved over centuries, other three authors explain their relevance to present life. According to Garvey et al. (2008), self-realization is a foundation of coaching and mentoring. The follower has to understand his/ her inner self and then interpret the meaning of knowledge provided to them. Furthermore, they believe that coaching and mentoring are rooted in our cultural norms and values. Like Bruner stated in Garvey et al. (2008), folk wisdom is distributed through interpretations of historical events that later on form our culture; this understanding of cultural norms is further strengthen through dialogues (p.11). In order to elaborate the historical background of coaching and mentoring, frequent references to the work of Plato, Homer, Socrates and Aristotle are given in Garvey et al. (2008). It is stated that frequent questioning and critical debates lead to emergences of true knowledge. Therefore, without questioning the pre-established norms, new ideas cannot be created. While defining their work, it was found that only Plato and Aristotle have used the word mentor for a figure known for disseminating knowledge. Later on, it has been added that Aristotle has introduced a differentiation between practical and theoretical knowledge. He further introduced the concept of productive work which defines creation of something new. Careful analysis of contemporary coaching techniques would reveal that these three concepts are used frequently in present coaching and mentoring. Further referencing to Homer indicated that the word mentor w as introduced into literature around three thousand years back. The word itself meant an advisor. However, Homer’s work has been highly shadowed by unnecessary criticism and relevance to gender issues without giving much attention to social norms. Garvey et al. (2008) further analyzed the literary work with reference to coaching and mentoring in 18th century. According to Fenelon, observing life events is itself a learning process that can provide positive as well as negative lessons. Presence of mentor helps in interpreting important lessons out of these events that helps in attaining better insight of life and virtues. The concept of experiential learning also stemmed out of Fenelon’s ideas of learning and development. The idea was extended by Rousseau in 18th century when he introduced the ideal class size for effective education. The present day concept of multiple students in one group headed by a single teacher was not accepted by Rousseau; in fact he emphasized on having a one-on-one interaction between the student and a teacher whereas the term teacher was replaced by mentor. Where mentor was considered as a figure of knowledge and wisdom, Louis Carccioli attached spiritual attributes to this personality. According to him, a mentor is someone who not only enriches the mind but also lights the heart. Hence, a therapeutic effect of mentoring was introduced by Caraccioli when he writes, â€Å"

Friday, November 15, 2019

Strategic Planning In The Airline Industry Management Essay

Strategic Planning In The Airline Industry Management Essay Today we can see that low cost airlines have become a trend around the globe. Numerous airlines applied such strategy, some succeeded and some not. One of the main benefits that low cost airlines have over superior airlines is that there cost will not be to a point where they can create a yield at low fares in larger markets. One of the pioneers in Europe of such strategy of low cost and no-frill airline was Irish company Ryanair 1985 was the birth year of Ryanair, it employed only 57 and with one 15 seater turboprop plane they use to have flights from South of East Ireland to London-Gatwick airport they carried about 5000 passengers on one route (Harrison, 2002). In 1986, inspired from the story of David and Goliath the company go after the big guys for a slice of the action and end up smashing the Air Lingus or British Airways high fare cartel on the Dublin-London route. Employees of Ryanair increase from 57 to 120 employees, and as they use to carry 5000 it increased to 82 000 passengers on two routes. Within next two years company hired 350 staff and there average maximum passengers increase up to 600 000 people, next two years in 1991 it reached 700 000 passengers. Strategic Position The Macro-environment (PESTEL) PESTEL analyses stand for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal. These are factors that affect the business in present and in the future. Political Rise of route charge by the government Upsurge in trade union density New law was passed by government the law for carbon emission Due to terrorism attacks on airlines UK government put additional security measures Nationalized carriers supported by French government Dispute in Business deal from Airports and Airlines regulators bodies with Remain lead to of Ryanair being the legal eye of the government. Government supports their own lost cost carriers because of nationality. Rise in tourism Economical Rise growth rate in GDP (Bank 2006) petroleum products and fuels ceiling high price Unemployment rate slash down to 8.7% (NA, unemployment in Europe 2006) Devaluation of US dollar 1.7% inflation rate of European Unions (NA Euro Area Annual Inflation Down 2006) Uncertainty of fuel and energy costs Social Rise in older market Corporate traveling growing Fear of air traveling due to terrorist attack (09.11) Increase in traveling life style (more and more people traveling now, its becoming common thing) As the economy was increasing before credit crunch there was increase of interest to fly for a vacation which helped to Airline Industry Company may fly more frequently if it costs them less Comprehensive range of demographics of views can be attracted by low cost airlines Technological Technological development (High fuel efficiency, less noise pollution and lessening of carbon emission by the supplier Boing Rise of Internet rivalry Web sales/ services (online check in) Low fuel consumption transport (airlines, cars, buses e.g.) Environmental Global worming Noise level controls Green House-carbon emissions Legal Charges of false advertisement (such in case of Ryanair related to secondary airports) Favoring of company to state owned company Safety of passengers and cabin crew Increase of airport administering charges 2.2 The industry environment (PORTER) Porters five forces consist of threat of entry, suppliers power, buyers power, substitutes and rivalry. Threat of entry A ruling was passed in Europe which removed barriers for different competitors to enter European airline business. New competitor or newly established competitor established airlines on established airways lose money in different routes at start, therefore high capital required. Also high capitals required in order to purchase or rent aircrafts, and cover all other costs. European countries has many landing slots which were reserved or used by national carries, so due to scarcity of landing slots it act as barrier for entry for new and competitors Airways which in turn helped existing players to play for a long time in aviation Industry Limited slot accessibility makes it challenging to find appropriate airports Moderate threat of Entry for Ryanair Suppliers power Switching cost is high, If Ryanair wants to switch from one supplier to another they have retrain there pilots and mechanics There are two main aircraft suppliers Airbus and Boing. However there has been increase in aircraft parts suppliers which lead to fierce competition between Airbus and Boing. In last decade there was rise and fall in oil price which has direct relation to fuel. There are two types of Airports called as primary and secondary Airports. Primary have greater power because high demand for such airport. Power of Airports increases as Air traffic increases. Whereas secondary airports have low power, because they depend on airlines. Low-Medium power of suppliers for Ryanair Buyers power Millions of people in Europe who are willing to travel by air. Power of travel agents have fallen due improvement in technology and now customers can purchase or oven check in online. Also some airlines such as Ryanair provide not only flight tickets but also various services such as hotels, car rentals, and travel insurance. In low cost airline customers very price sensitive For customer switching from one airline to another is simple and no costly Strong power of buyers for Ryanair Substitutes There are ways of traveling such as train ways, buses, boat and cars. However they are not fast as airplays and can be used for long destinations Very Low threat of Substitutes for Ryanair Rivalry Some competitors thinking of adding new feature to their services such as comfort and extra services for their premium customers or business class. Better destination routes for example usage of primary airports. (however this all costs extra) Because of economic recession especially in United States rivalry in European increased. Various Merges and Acquisitions (Air France-KLM) Some airlines using discounts and special promotion to attract customers and create brand loyalty. Cost advantages can be easily copied, hard to have competitive advantage As we know Ryanair and Easy jet hold most of market which around 80% for low fares however these two companies never faced face to face they usually flight to deferent routes, but if they go to same rotes have rivalry could be seen (price war) because there services do not differ at all. Medium High threat of Rivalry 2.3 SWOT analyses Following graph illustrates Ryanairs strength and weakness and industry opportunities and threats. Resources and Capabilities Resources and capabilities assist the company for achieving competitive advantage. Although the market and environment create outside limitations and forces, a firms reaction over resource distribution and capability development become a foundation of competitive advantage. Resources can be tangible and intangible assets that firm may implement into its strategies. Capability is how firm uses its resources in order to have competitive advantage. For Airline Industry (especially Ryanair) it can be: cheapest prices Simples processes (no frills) Concentrating on specific market segment Ground-breaking approaches on price cutting Speedy turnaround time Coming back to Ryanair, there resources are: Human Resource- the company employees 2700 people Intellectual Capital skills, abilities, skills, talents and knowledge Financial Resources -Ryan Family, shareholders, investors and creditors Physical Resources aircraft fleet, headquarter, secondary airports Following graph shows Ryanair Resources Following Graph presents Ryanair Capabilities Sustainable Competitive Advantage Even today Ryanair is market leave for low cost airline in Europe. They manage to have lowest price even though the existence of other low cost airlines in Europe. Its ability to drive down costs to keep low fares while it stands lucrative gives them competitive advantage over there competitors. As stated Michael OLeary Any fool can sell low airfares and lose money. The difficult bit is to sell the lowest airfares and make profits Aircraft commonality: Ryanair use Boeing 737 aircraft most common aircraft used in the market, due such reason they can easily cut on costs in getting replacements and maintenance services for this aircrafts. Third party introduction: Ryanair contracts out its ticketing, baggage handling, aircraft handing and other services to other companies who specifically specialize on such areas. In such was they can gain competitive advantages, also by making multi-year contracts with those third parties in order no expose to rise of prices. Cost of Marketing: Ryanair amended its rate, commissions to travel agents in order to reduce marking costs. They also use radio, television, newspaper and their own website to advertise themselves (Ryanair website is top five recognized name in Google) Route Policy and Airport handing costs: each airline have to pay airport handling fees such as: passenger loading fees, aircraft parking fees, noise surcharges and landing fees. In order to save on these costs Ryanair uses secondary airports where these costs are much lower and easier negotiable. For example Ryanair uses Frankfurt Hahn, 123 kilometers from Frankfurt, Torp, 100 kilometers from Oslo and Charleroi, 60 kilometers from Brussels. Productivity and employee cost: Ryanair uses performance related pay structure as most companies do now. This strategy may benefit both company and employees. In this structure employees can earn additional pay or remuneration base on their performance. So better they work more they paid. Ryanairs Cost efficiency strategies Cost reduction Strategy In order to have competitive advantage Ryanair uses cost-reduction strategy this consists of five major areas (in Aviation industry): Route policies Fleet commonality Contracting out services Airport charges Route policies Manageable staff costs productivity and managed marking costs Economies of scare: Ryanair achieved economics of scare from start until end of its function process same as any other low cost airline there market aiming to achieve. The have reduced the half point in time of airlifts in airports and they have resourcefully used their staff. They also have great deals from Boing during bulk purchases. Supply costs Ryanair uses secondary airports in order to avoid high prices and air traffic, which reduces costs and time, crucial aspects of low cost airlines. Benchmarking Texas based functioning South West Airlines is benchmarking of Ryanair Core competencies In addition to low price flight Ryanair also offers different subsidiary services and employments in various activities associated with its middle air customers service. They offer travel insurance, accommodations, car rentals all necessary things that required for a trip. Ryanair believes that thanks to internet this services become easier to be sold online and this lead to increase of sale, which lead to dropping costs per unit basis. By avoiding primary airports they manage to keep their costs very low so as there prices. So as non -flight instinctive services, in-flight public sale of beverages, food and suppliers and internet-related services. The strategic situation Positioning Ryanair cost leader in European market for low cost airlines, they have numbers of rankings such as: No.1 for passenger traffic- over 23m for 2004 overtaking Easyjet. No.1 for passenger growth- 50% + this year No.1 for European routes (149) and bases (11) No.1 for customer service delivery- punctuality, flight completion and fewest lost baggage Ryanair strategy Ryanairs set up its aim as being leader in the low-fares market in Europe. Their aim to offer cheapest fair and increase passenger traffic, by having large amount of customers at lower price profit may rise even though price be so cheap. Their aim to offer low fares that generate increased passenger traffic. A nonstop focus on cost control and functional efficiencies is a dynamic amount of the Ryanair way of doing things. Followings are key strategy elements of Ryanair: choice of roots, low operating costs, low fares, frequent point to point flights on short haul routes, personal expenses, customer service costs, aircraft equipment costs, airport access fees, focused criteria for growth and maximizing of website. Porters Generic Strategy Porters generic strategy is one the tools that can be used to find out position of the company in the marketplace. By using this tool we may find out position of Ryanair in the marketplace thats its operating. A company positions itself by leveraging its strengths. Aim of each organisation to be recognized in the business area (except charity organizations and no profitable organizations), with such aim, these organizations try to identify there position in the marketplace by using Porters generic strategies that enhances their competitiveness. Business may choice one of the five different generic strategies: cost leadership, differentiation, focused cost leadership and integrated cost leadership/differentiation. Each of these generic strategies assists particular company to locate and use competitive advantage within specific competitive score.By applying these strengths, three generic strategies are resulted: cost leadership, differentiation and focus. Cost leadership, differentiat ion strategy and focused differentiation strategy can be used by a company. Cost Leadership Strategy business categorizing and handling its value-adding activities in order to have lowest cost of the product in the market that its operating. Cost gain might be because of product quality, design or the services that comes with it. Differentiation Strategy is about that sellers product is superior to other competitors products in that specific market. This might be because product may have uniqueness that other products that offer by other competitors do not have or the service that that company provides with specific product, for such differentiation company may charge its customers premium price for that differentiated product. But there is a risk in this strategy; the risk is that differentiated product may be easily imitated by other competitors or customers tastes may change. Focus-Differentiation Strategy aim of this strategy is to target specific segment of the market for a product, and do not target many markets or entire market. The best to use this strategy is to dosing and exploit product specifically for particular segment in the market. However there is risk of imitation and changes in the targeted segment. Ryanair strategy was combination of all three strategies. At start company focused on a narrow customer segment (Irish and UK citizens who didnt wanted to fly by brank airlines). Also they offered the lowest cost of fare in airline industry in Europe. Last but not lease they were first who started low fare no frills airline in Europe before competitors imitated there differentiation. Aim of Ryanair is to provide low fares and no frills service in order to stimulate demand. Initially they did not planned to have lowest price, but as they expended to Europe they had to focus on critical success factors to survive and succeed in such greater market from their started segment. Today Ryanair considered as cost leader, they have large passenger volume at the same time they have lowest fares in their own market. Originally when Ryanair was born in 1985, they delivered listed passenger airline services among Ireland and the UK; however it has reformed itself and moved from a full service conventional airline to the first European low fares, no frills carrier. Before they shifted towards such strategy in late 90th Ryanair faced some trouble and had to dispose of five chief executives, recoding losses of IRÂ £20 Million even though passenger volume increased. In order to survive Ryanair needed some innovative strategy therefore new team was created, headed by Michael OLeary. This new team especially Michael OLeary decided to redesign the company and soon they become first low fare no frills airline in Europe, following step of successful American Southwest Airlines. By using Porters generic strategy it was hard to define which strategy Ryanair using, it located itself somewhere between cost leader and a focuses as they had lowest cost and focused product and segment, but it can be said that it is more focused strategy. As it was stated before each strategy has its own risks, and this strategy which is used by Ryanair may have risk: being that the niche can get saturated and competitors assault the segment that they operating currently. When Ryanair become first low fare no frill airline in Europe it did not had any competitors, so they were easily and without fear experimenting with their strategies, trying and mixing focus and cost leadership and deciding which one of them they want most. However being the only one in the market did not lasted much, soon new and first competitors entered Ryanairs segment. Which met that Ryanair urgently needed to define their strategy. So Michael OLeary decided to stay with cost leadership strategy (in which th ey succeeded in 1997, Ryanair was floated on the Dublin Stock Exchange and on NASDAQ) Strategic choice Long Term Vision Ryanair have one the highest amount of routes in low fare European airline market and outperform every other carrier on that sector even in not low fare sector. They also seek to endorse a high level of progression. Ryanairs strategy have been assisting them to become cost leader in the low fare market, but how long this strategy will help them to have competitive advantage, what will have in the future? Will this strategy work and can they have competitive advantage? From USA market of low fare airlines it was seen that there can be only one or two major players (southwest Airlines have approximately 50% of market share) in specific area, same as in Europe two majors Ryanair and easy Jet (Ryanair and Easy Jet have 88% of market share, and 12% other minor players). But there is no guarantee for being always market leader, one day Easy Jet may easily takeover Ryanair market position and be cost leader in there market they operating currently. However there is big gap between low-cost airline within air industry in European and USA. In European air industry, a low-cost airline represents only 7% of total air industry, far less than 25% of their American counterparts. So there is large potential for future growth within European for Low-fare airlines in air industry. Growth of Low-Fare industry within Europe It is been predicted that within five and ten years low fare7% low fare airline industry representation will grow up to 14%, which is about 1.4% per year (which is low number). Fast pace at which the industry has been developing, assisted Ryanair to be triumph. However now the market they have been operating will no longer be growing so fast in upcoming future. Therefore it is necessary for Aryan to develop in order to tolerate their performance. There are some options there are available: Ryanair should increase the frequency of Existing Routes At the moment Ryanair losing customers who demand for more flexible schedule, they losing because they have only 3.88 flights per day, which is considered very low number compare to traditional carries and Easy Jet. Therefore they must increase the frequency of Existing routes, in order to regain lost customers, and steal customers from Easy jet and traditional carriers. Open new routes in Europe. At the moment Ryanair operating in many routes, it might be good strategy to increase number of routes and therefore frequency. They may open new routes that they are not operating yet. It may be that routes where the rivalry is a more costly traditional carrier, therefore by offering cheaper price (with no frills) they may easily attract new customers Improve mainland functioning areas By looking other destination that they (Ryanair) does not operating they should not forget about rotes that they already operating. Although they already operating in most countries of Europe there is still demand for some flights. Expand into North Africa Interests of tourists and business have been rising towards North Africa. At the moment SN airlines are major airline that provides with flights to North Africa from Brussels, however it is not low-cost airline or traditional carrier. Therefore Ryanair may easily enter and offer low cost flight to North Africa and may easily gain market share. Expand into Eastern Europe This area of European becoming more popular by tourists and business travel, and still growing popularity. However there are only low numbers of low-fare airlines that provide flight to there, Airlines such as Sky Europe. However there are a lot of routes that are not reveled yet and have large potential. And it is good strategy for Ryanair to enter those markets first and be market leader. Gaining Market Share from Charter Flights Ryanair may try to gain market share from charter flights, because charter market represents 25% of overall European air traffic, which is very high percentage. Todays modern world educated most European citizens with internet and online usage, this comes perfectly for Ryanair (top five website in Google) to use their website as resource. More and more people using internet to purchase online therefore travel agents becoming no longer popular. Currently Ryanair offers some packing holidays, but by increasing those package holidays they may gain some market share form charter flights. Ryanair website They also may continue promoting there website in order to pursued customer to by online, making them save on cost of call centers and no agents strategy. More cost cuts As we know Ryanair is cost leader in low fare market in airline Industry in European, However there is always gap to cut more cost, therefore they could try to find where else to cut cost and not lose value and attitudes of customers towards them. Strategic Decisions and Recommended strategy: Ryanair should increase the frequency of Existing Routes They may add three more extra plains to the existing plains and routes that they already have form London Stansted. Currently London Stansted airport already operating at its capacity therefore only three plains can be added there. They also need to add four more plains from London Luton which they already have such route. London Luton airport provides positive substitute for those companies that seek to expand their London base It would be good if they add ten more extra plains to Dublin Airport. At the moment Ryanair having some problems with local airport authorities (Aer Rianta) which already under discussion of dealing with this problems and improving there relationship. Therefore this expansion at this base is planned. At last add extra 8 planes to the Spanish and Italian routes currently already operated in those markets, also few more planes to trend holiday destinations, this will allow them to rise there market share by taking from charter companies there market share. Open New Routes in Europe Even though Ryanair has already entered most countries if not all in Europe it is very difficult for them to find new market and more risky going outside European countries. As Ryanair stated they plan to add extra 25 new rotes within 10 years. Improve mainland functioning areas Within in last decade Ryanair went through rapid expansion, and got functioning bases around all Europe: Milan (Bergamo), Barcelona (Girona), Frankfurt (Hahn) and other popular business and tourism detestations, those areas also have popularity for future growth. Additional 25 plains can be added to these new areas in order to strengthen their position in this already operating area for over the coming years. Enter into North Africa Market Two routes will be set up in North America; each route will have four flights per day, so in total eight flights to North Africa per day. The frequency of flight to North America over the years will grow. New language may be added to the website of Ryanair in order to facilitate new customers. Expand into Eastern Europe This market can be served by three bases. Each of these bases will have 7 destinations which lead to total of 21 routes. Same as North African flights frequencies will rise over the years. But will lower margin compare to North Africa. New language may be added to the website of Ryanair in order to facilitate new customers. Unallocated Aircraft Ryanair order 15 extra plains which will be deliver in 2010-2013 basically these coming years however they are unallocated yet. These planes may be allocated to new rotes or to existing rotes depending on the analyses that will be done by Ryanair. Maybe they enter new market. This plains maybe easily used for the strategies mentation before at point 1-5. References: www.ryanair.com Ryanair official website Ryanair Case study Research done by Solvay Business School on Ryanair Plc. http://solvay.ulb.ac.be/cours/alle/BuspPresRyanair04.pdf http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/ryanair/ http://www.grin.com/e-book/55005/marketing-plan-for-ryanair

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The Devastation of Agent Orange Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research P

Abstract: This paper exposes the social injustices to Americans and to Vietnamese resulting from spraying of Agent Orange during the Vietnam Conflict. American Vietnam Veterans and many Vietnamese citizens have struggled with the United States Government for due reparations from the devastation of Agent Orange that has shattered their lives. Veterans have demanded compensation for this injustice through lawsuits and government allocations while the Vietnamese want the United States to clean up their dioxin-contaminated land and waterways. The United States has denied responsibility and the battle continues as veterans and the Vietnamese challenge the United States to accept its wrongdoing. This paper provides the evidence that the US government knowingly sprayed innocent people without warning. Based on the treatment of US military personnel, this paper argues that a major international effort will be required to force the US Government to assist in responding to the Vietnamese cr isis. Background During Operation Ranch Hand the US Air Force sprayed approximately 18 million gallons of the herbicide and defoliant, Agent Orange, over South Vietnam from 1965 - 1970 (Moore 2000). Both US military bases and Vietnamese cities were sprayed in order to decrease the amount of foliage to prevent surprise attacks as well as to deprive the enemy of food, since much of the spraying was over agricultural land. Agent Orange is composed of equal parts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5- trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) (Moore 2000). Agent Orange was also contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (dioxin) which is a byproduct of the manufacturing of 2,4,5-T (Moore 2000). Dioxin has been described as the "... ... Constable, Muneaki Matsuda, Vu Duc Thao and Amanda L. Piskac. "Recent Dioxin Contamination from Agent Orange in Residents of a Southern Vietnam city". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Volume 43, Number 5. May 2001. pp. 433-443. Schector, Arnold, Marian Pavuk, John D. Constable, Le Cao Dai, and Olaf Papke. "A Follow-Up: High Level of Dioxin Contamination in Vietnamese from Agent Orange, Three Decades after the end of spraying". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Volume 44, Number 5. March 2002. pp.218-220. Wilcox, Fred. Waiting for an Army to die. Seven Locks Press: Cabin John, MD. 1989. Winerip, Michael. "US Judge clears way for trial on Agent Orange". New York Times. May 18, 1983. Young, A.L. and G.M. Reggiani. Agent Orange and its associated dioxin: assessment of a controversy. Elsevier: Amsterdam. 1988.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Betray to be or not to be Essay

Now, Hamlet, hear. ‘Tis given out that, sleeping in my orchard, A serpent stung me. So the whole ear of Denmark Is by a forg ©d process of my death Rankly abused. But know, thou noble youth, The serpent that did sting thy father’s life In this scene the ghost is telling hamlet that who his murder. In the next quote is going to show you how hamlet’s father murder, murdered him. (1. . 55,60,65,70). Sleeping within my orchard, My custom always of the afternoon, Upon my secure hour thy uncle stole With Juice of cursed hebenon in a vial, And in the porches of my ears did pour The leperous distilment, whose effect Holds such an enmity with blood of man That swift as quicksilver it courses through The natural gates and alleys of the body†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. , The thin and wholesome blood. Thus was I, sleeping, by a brother’s hand Of life, of crown, of queen at once dispatched, Cut off even in the blossoms of my sin. Indeed this is a very tragic death and unselfish murder, Hamlet uncle Claudius will reed what he sow soon to be. Hamlet went mad after that to find out that his uncle killed his father. The ghost told hamlet to not to find vengeance for his mother cause e said â€Å"guilt with eat her up that’s the most vengeance that will kill her†. With the king dead Claudius want to send hamlet away cause he knows to much and wants him killed too. while hamlet was talking to his mother in her room Polonius was listening behind the tapestry (Ophelia’s father). Hamlet takes a foil and kills him by accident thinking it was the king. (3. 4). Afterthat Ophelia hears that’s her father dead she goes crazy. this happens the kings heads hot cause that could had been him behind the tapestry. They find Hamlet as a threat so they send Hamlet to England to be killed. the tables has been (Ophelia). Then laetes Ophelia older brother comes and seeks revenge for the person who killed his father Polonius. So Hamlet and Laetes were suppose to have a clean friendly fght when the fight turns violate when the foil laetes is holding is poisoned. The foil laetes is hold slices hamlet. (5. 2. 310,315). It is here, Hamlet. Hamlet, thou art slain. No medicine in the world can do thee good. In thee there is not half an hour of life. The treacherous instrument is in thy hand, Unbated and envenomed. The foul practice Hath turned itself on me. Lo, here I lie, Never to rise again. Thy mother’s poisoned. I can no more. The king, the kings to blame. Hamlet mother is poisoned by the drink and hamlet and laetes are too. So Hamlet goes and searches for the king and kills him and makes him drink out the cup that poisoned his mother. So rapidly the tables turns on Claudius. The cruel novel of â€Å"Macbeth†. Macbeth kills the king and to know that’s the king (Duncan) is very fond by Macbeth. Lady Macbeth pressures Macbeth to kill him after dinner while he is sleep and drunk. Macbeth been contemplating if she should kill the king or not, but his wife telling him that he is a coward if he doesn’t kill him. in this scene Macbeth goes into the kings room where he is sleeping (2. . 40. 45. 50. 55) You’re leading me toward the place I was going already, and I was planning to use a weapon Just like you. My eyesight must either be the one sense that’s not working, or else it’s the only one that’s working right. I can still see you, and I see blood splotches on your blade and handle that weren’t there before†¦.. appropriate for what I’m about to do. While I stay here talking, Duncan lives. the king is dead and Macbeth is going insane with guilty eating him away. Macbeth wants to kill banquo so he gets three murders and kill him cause Macbeth is Jealous and greedy. (3. 1. 120. 125). So is he mine; and in such bloody distance That every minute of his being thrusts Against my near’st of life. And though I could With barefaced power sweep him from my sight And bid my will avouch it, yet I must not, For certain friends that are both his and mine, Whose loves I may not drop, but wail his fall Who I myself struck down. And thence it is, That I to your assistance do make love, Masking the business from the common eye For sundry weighty reasons. seeing the ghost of banquo has Macbeth going crazy speaking to himself. (3. 4. 75) in this scene is talking to the ghost of Banquo. Prithee, see there! Behold! Look! Lo! How say you? Why, what care l? If thou canst nod, speak too. If charnel houses and our graves must send Those that we bury back, our monuments Shall be the maws of kites. the dagger and then ghost of banquo. In William Shakespeare’s play, Othello, acts of treachery and betrayal have great dramatic significance. They greatly contribute to the theme that appearance does not always portray reality, and reality is not what one sees but more often what one does not see. The acts of treachery and betrayal in Othello help to develop this theme through character development. how Iago deceives Othello by being his friend and nemy at the same time. Othello betraying his wife’s love and trust. Emilia (lagds wife) betraying her very own husband for Justice. Finally lagds betrayal of Roderigo, using him and his money for his evil plans, and then killing him. Through ought all of these acts of treachery and violence and betrayal a common theme seems to be developed, mostly through the development of characters. Iagds character is a prime example of how acts of treachery and betrayal can alter people. Iago starts of by wanting to ruin Othello’s reputation as a great and wise general, as Iago says in (1. 1. 44) I follow him to serve my turn upon him. Iago tells this to Roderigo, showing that he intends to betray Othello, by pretending to be his friend and then corrupting and betraying him. As the play progresses, lagds intentions are less driven by reason, and more driven by revenge, and blind lustful impulses,(5. 3. 246). Othello shall fall between us†¦ Iago says this to Roderigo, when he says it is evident that at this point Iagds character has undergone deep change. For not only does he want to ruin Othello’s reputation, but now he wants to obliterate, destroy, and crush Othello’s reputation, but he also wants to obliterate, destroy, and crush Othello’s entire life.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Enrollment System Essays

Enrollment System Essays Enrollment System Essay Enrollment System Essay In schools nowadays the enrolment period is always the toughest time that an institute or academy may face through out the year, regardless of the process of their enrolment. ainly for those schools that thrive only on a manual process of enrolment, proceeds may take time and add to that if the institute is well known though still relying in manual processes queues may form along the way, due to some of these circumstances it seems to be hard to handle such collection of records namely storing, finding, sorting, updating and securing each of those records, particularly if stored only in one room and in a limited space, perhaps on a public school. Although it seems simple enough to manage the task at hand it may be easier said than done if experienced beforehand, its like being a librarian in a huge public library, assuming there are no assistants yet, it is but the librarians job to secure, sort, find and update his/her records be it the clients or the records of the books being ordered and taken out. Imagine having those many records on top of each other in one place though organized it is hard to keep track of such records without forgetting who ordered which book without an automated system, given the right scenario what if the institute itself had an accident like a fire outbreak or a flood those hard copy documents may be damaged or worst destroyed. Such records are kept for reference and other purposes. Informatics International College, a computer school which offers computer courses, uses an automated enrolment system that stores the student’s information, subjects and payments. Though parallel it may seem the process is quite smooth where as the students would fill in forms with required information’s and subject’s to be enrolled and proceed to the advisement section where they would be advised for which subjects they may take or know if the subjects are available, after that they would proceed to the cashier nd pay for the total amount due of their matriculation and the sum of their fees, and issue to them the students their receipts and registration form. Christian Light Academy a pre-elementary school that was under the influence of Baptism Theological College started late 1993 in a Subdivision called Tenement in Taguig City, was then known as Little Lights, until this late 1997 they opened their school to accept partial elementary students, grades 1-5. In the next year 1998 the school was renamed as Christian Light Academy where as they became a stand alone school, after two years, year 2000, after becoming a stand alone school they offered to accept grade 6 students up to the present day. while the school was gaining popularity in spite that their enrolment system was done manually and payments were calculated manually there were instances that the payments were a-bit inaccurate and they found out that there were times that they would make duplicate of files and make over issuance of billing statements to their students leading to parental complaints. The process of their enrolment system was fast the process was the parents would fill out a form along with the schools terms and agreements, submit it to the registrar and make payment according to their agreed method of payment, yet in the long run the files were stacked with each other although it was filed and complete, they are still human and forget older records. fter a few years, year 2007 came the day that the owners friend suggested an idea to get an automated system, yet the owner would have got one but the school lacked the necessary budget to buy one, although the schools reputation money in their area was hard to get by, so they insisted on continuing with their outdated system. Then year 2010 came where an answer to their prayers knocked at their door, a concerned citizen in their vicinity named Mimi Campos a parent of one of the schools students offers to help the school, making them the subject of their thesis at the same time helping the school improve their system of enrolment. . Statement of the Problem The school uses a manual system of enrolment in the past seventeen years. From the beginning their system was reliable and accurate, until the long run where a few years later they would end up duplicating files, make over issuance of billing statements. Though it was filed neatly and organized well, through time the records compile at each other making it difficult to filter out what records to retrieve, adding to that the security of the records are not one hundred percent. The following problems that needs to be solved: What kind of system is to be implemented to avoid the repetition of issuance of billing statements and receipts? The school encounters repeating issuance of billing statements to their clients, because of having duplicate records and sometimes they have a hard time monitoring each clients account. How will the record be stored without data discrepancy? The module to be developed will need to know that a record already exists under a certain clients name or account. How will the database filter out the records in terms of such report? The school encounter a hard time retrieving each record of a specific student on time, because of many records to search from. 3. Objective of the Study The general objective is to create a thesis entitled, â€Å"Automated Enrolment System† for Christian Light Academy. The following are the specific objectives of the said system: To develop a module that would implement a monitoring and recordin g application in order to avoid the problems that they may encounter. The module will record and keep on check the changes in its database to avoid scenario related problems. To develop a module that prompts the user that there is an occurring discrepancy in data inputted in the database. -The module will prompt the user that there is an identical record in the database. To develop a module that would include a function that will filter out the records in terms of such report. The module will search for the records that will be typed in the search box and will be able to print out reports, registration forms and billing statements. 1. 4 Significance of the Study This study would help the school during registration period without consuming a lot of time when inputting student records and making their work rapid and troublesome. The following would benefit from the said system: Administrator – the administrator will be able to access the full system and will have the privile ge of adding users to the system. Registrar – it will be easy for them to record during enrollment and can be done in a short time period. Future Researchers – the future researchers will benefit from this study by making it as a guide to help them. Students – the students will get an immediate output or Certificate of Registration from the registrar. 1. 5Scope and Limitation The scope of this research is the implementation of an automated enrolment system on Christian Light Academy, wherein it explains the coverage of our study in implementing one. Scope The scope of this study is only the implementation of the enrolment system to the school where as it only covers the enrolment process undergoing inside the school, first the registration/enrolment where the registrar will input the students information in the system from the form that the students would fill in, billing where clients receive their bill and payments where clients would pay and are recorded along with the issue of their receipt, there will be times that parallel procedures may occur, but for assurance and security purposes only. Limitations The limitation of the study is all about the manual enrolment methods of the school also the improvement of their current system with a rather simplified or non-tedious one, the schools enrolment process or methods that are only covered here are the registration/enrolment of the student, billing and payment along with the issuance of the receipt. However, it would focus only on the module of adding records, search engine, transactions, updating, and even computations of student’s payment. 1. Definition of Terms Here are definitions of the words that the researchers used to describe our system application, it is essential so that our documentation is clearly understood, for the reason that there might be words that are complex to understand and words to be confused with others meanings, to avoid those circumstances we provide you with this Definition of terms. Operational Terms Operational terms are the terms used on the ones using the system. Teacher somebody who teaches, especially as a profession Clients –the individuals that goes to institutes or the one seeking for the services offered by the institute. Students – the ones that are enrolled to an institution, and learn. Administrator the administrative work involved in running a business or organization. Management the body of those in positions of admin authority. Technical Terms Are the terms that the researchers used so that readers may understand clearly what they are reading and also not to get lost while reading the subject matter. Automated to convert a process or workplace to automation, or utilize the techniques of automation. Database a systematically arranged collection of computer data, structured so that it can be automatically retrieved or manipulated. Filter – to sort out, retrieve a certain object in a group without disturbing the flow of things. Information the meaning of data, as is intended to be interpreted by people. Password a secret word known only by a restricted group or person. Record a body of information or statistics, gathered over a period of time. Security protection of a computer system and its data from loss. System a collection of component elements that work together to perform task. Tedious boring because of being long, monotonous, or repetitive Chapter 2 Review of Related Study 2. 1Theoretical Framework The theory and development for an automated enrolment system was feasible to create because when technology thrived and a few suitable applications were made it became possible to develop the said system. Throughout the research, the researchers have discovered similar system functionality such as the inventory system which could monitor the quantity and keep the items in check [ quantumx. com/sales-inventory. htm], a security system that prompts the user a password before entering a certain application, [can be implemented by using visual basic programs] and a payroll system that computes the monthly earnings of each employee which is stored in a database [ payroll. ph] With these functions existing together in one application, creating the system mentioned was made feasible. As time changes, technology also does. Computer schools are established and companies arise, with growing popularity. Schools have tough times in recording and keeping their records up to date especially when the institute is popular and in the time of enrollment, keeping such records up to date and storing those files give such effort, mostly on public institutes, where the staff are few and much more manual labor is needed to comply with the needs of the situation. Through these circumstances, it lead some programmers and I. T. groups to theorize of an automated or computerized enrollment system, in which the clients could enter the information required to the system, and store it to the database where the records are kept secured by a master password, its main purpose was to help lessen the labor it needed to complete the task at the same time speeding things up in the process. 2. 2Conceptual Framework Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Devils Arithmetic essays

Devil's Arithmetic essays The book, Devils Arithmetic, by Jane Yolen was about the Holocaust. The type of book is historical fiction. The main character is Hannah. Her name is Chaya when she travels back in time, but her original name was Hannah. She is about 13 years old and is average height and weight fir her age. During a normal Seder, Hannah goes to open the door and is all of a sudden taken back into a strange village. The two people call her by the name of Chaya. Gitl claims to be her aunt and that Chaya was brought to her because her entire family was killed back in her homeland, Dublin. As they go to a wedding for her uncle, Nazis come and take everyone away. They say that they are just relocating them to a safer place, but Hannah knows who they are and where they are taking her. However, no one listens to her and they said that the trauma of losing her family has made her tell strange stories. Everyone is crammed into the back of trucks and taken to trains. On the train, again everyone is crammed into a little storage car. They stay in there for days. The odor that is developed in there was awful. Once the train ride was over, they were at a Nazi death camp. Hannah met a girl named Rivka that told her basic rules on how to survive in the death camp. They included to contin ue working and never speak out your opinions. Hannah did not agree too much with the rules, but she went along with them. When the commissioner came in to inspect his camp, all children under the age of 13 had to hide in the midden. Everyone was fed very little food and the time there was horrible. Hannahs aunt and uncle thought of a plan to escape. They tried it one night, no one was caught, and the aunt and uncle got away. One day Hannah remembered how she had been sent back in time, and was really from later in the century. She began to tell the story to Rivka, but a guard caught them not working. He said that one of them could ...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Financial Mangement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Mangement - Essay Example electronic stock market. "With approximately 3,300 companies, the NASDAQ lists more companies and, on average, trades more shares per day than any other U.S. market" (NASDAQ, 2006, n/p). Therefore, the AMEX is a tangible physical entity, it occupies its own building and has physically designated space for trading - trading floor; has specifically designated members and an elected governing body. On the contrary, the NASDAQ, which means National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System, is a nebulous, intangible organization built up around the computerized system. The American Stock Exchange, according to its own definition, is "an auction market where prices for a diverse array of products - stocks, options, exchange traded funds (ETFs) and structured products - are determined by public bids to buy and offers to sell". The major characteristics of the trading process at the AMEX include: centralization of the order flow on the trading floor, priority given to the public orders, and execution of the orders by price and time sequence regardless of size or source. (AMEX, 2006, n/p). Like the AMEX, the NASDAQ operates as an auction market, but it has its own peculiarities: no physical trading floor is available and the orders flow goes solely through the automated quotation system. Additionally, unlike the AMEX specialists the NASDAQ dealers often maintain an inventory of the stocks that are traded less frequently. The AMEX system includes specialists, registered traders and floor dealers: "Trading in every Amex security is overseen by a specialist stationed on the trading floor . . . Specialists serve as facilitators, employing their extensive knowledge of the market in a security to bring together buyers and sellers, and helping them trade directly with each other. This skill is particularly important when large blocks of securities are brought to the floor" (AMEX, 2006, n/p). On the contrary, at the NASDAQ over-the-counter market trading in a particular security is not concentrated in the hands of the one particular specialist, and there is no monopoly, as the result. Any of the dealers interested in trading in this security can handle the orders on it. Trading at the AMEX can be performed in two ways: the orders can be processed either automatically, or manually. The automatic processing uses various systems as follows: "Member firms may route orders directly to the Exchange's trading floor through the Common Message Switch (CMS). After performing specific validation checks, CMS routes the orders to the Amex Order File (AOF), which retains order details and directs orders to the New Equity Trading System (NETS), Amex Options Display Book (AODB), Automatic Execution (Auto-Ex), or the firm's floor broker through the Booth Automated Routing System (BARS)" (AMEX, 2006, n/p). The orders may also be submitted manually by phone call to the broker or with help of a member firm's proprietary application: "In both cases, immediately upon receipt, the floor broker will "systematize" the order by entering it into the Amex Order File using the order entry feature of the Booth Automated Routing System (BARS) terminal. Once "systematized" these orders may be printed and

Friday, November 1, 2019

Long-Term Relationship Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Long-Term Relationship - Research Paper Example Performance based payments are preferred government financing method when the CEO if a company finds them to be practical and the contractor agrees them to their use. Performance based payments are contract financing payments which are not payments for accepted items. They are fully recoverable in the same manner as progress payments in case of default. It is not used in case of payments under cots-reimbursement line items when the contracts are assigned for progress payments based on a completion percentage and for those contracts which are awarded through advanced procedure of sealed-bid. Performance based payments are made on either a whole contract or a deliverable item basis unless it is prescribed by agency regulations. Financing payments which are made on a whole contract are applicable to the entire contract and not to specific deliverable items. Since the business can take the idea and form concept phase to full implementation phase then Performance based payments can help t he company is achieving good returns for the company. The quality of the work will improve since on the basis of delivery of goods, monies will be paid to them. Thus indirectly the performance of the business will improve as they will try to deliver the best results which they can. Advance payments are least preferred method of contract financing and should be used sparingly if at all. Other types of financing should be available to the contractor in adequate amounts. But credit and loans at excessive interest rates or other exorbitant charges are not considered reasonable available financing. Such type of financing is considered to be useful and appropriate in the cases where Contracts are solely for the management and operation of government-owned plants. It is used in contracts for research, experimental or development work with nonprofit education or research institutions. It is useful