Genji Monogatari or The Tale of Genji Essay

Unit 3 Analysis of FictionThis Unit bodily process will help you meet these educational goals 21st Century SkillsYou will expenditure critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, employ online tools for research and analysis and communicate exerciseively.IntroductionLit epochture has commodious been a major source of information and entertainment. Learning to analyze literary work systematically digest significantly add to your enjoyment and appreciation of literature.The function of literary analysis is to extract information ab step to the fore a work of literature from the text itself. Literary analysis essentially involves a detailed interrogative of the text to answer predefined types of questions, including what the motive intended to say or why and to what effect he or she engaged a certain literary device. such(prenominal) an analysis helps non only to identify narrative elements such as theme, darn, and linguistic context in a fictional work except a ilk to w ear the authors purpose and viewpoint and the cultural and social factors influencing the author.__________________________________________________________________________Directions and Analysis caper 1 consider Literary Elements in Genji MonogatariGenji Monogatari, or The Tale of Genji, is a Japanese novel written in the early eleventh century that tells the written report of Genji, the son of a Japanese emperor. Genji is considered to be one of the first psychological novels.Read the first four chapters of while I of Genji Monogatari (The Paulownia Court, The Broom Tree, The Shell of the Locust, and Evening Faces), which has been translated into English by Edward Siedensticker. An another(prenominal) version of this same translation can be paged through online. You can also find a paper copy of the book in your school library or a bookstore. afterward indicant the translation, analyze and describe the theme of the novel as revealed in the first four chapters. part your reacti on hereThe Theme of this story isGenji spends practically of his conviction writing poems to women he is attracted to, but who de receiver little interest in him virtually of them k forthwith that nothing positive would come of an affair with him, and so resist the impulse as much as possible, although they often had similar feelings toward Genji. His numerous personal business often involved women from outside the court, behavior which was scandalous for a person of his position, so his affairs are usually conducted in complete secrecy, which he took considerable trouble to maintain. Each affair is significantly different in consultation from the others, though a factor which keeps this pattern from becoming repetitive and boring.For instance, at one point he lusts after a princess after sense of hearing her play beautiful music on the zither he quickly declares his love for her in a flurry of letters, which she never answers. However, the more he finds out slightly her, th e less he uniforms her, but he cannot help feeling guilty after his ardent pursuit, and he maintains the relationship long after his feelings mystify waned. In one of his last affairs, he is on the receiving side of the attentions of an elderly lady he has to think of creative ways of dodging the situation, without a deviation of face for either party.The last section, after Genjis close starts out wish an uncertain epilogue, but it short takes on a life of its own, and the failings of the environs portrayed there only heighten the allure of that of Genji himself. The problems that seemed so double-edged when they were Genjis pale beside the blunders and the folly of his descendants, and only make him look better in retrospect. This can lead to nostalgia for his sphere, and once against it the troubles of the inhabitants of the later chapters seem both fated and pitiable.Some contemporary assumeers feel that the author may have used his series ofaffairs simply as a device, to allow her to present a range of youthful loves folly, in a series of devastating portraits, ranging from tragical obsession to utter, hilarious disaster. Some feel that the Tale of Genji is not so much about Genji as it is about the women he interacts with in his life their feelings, their experiences, their fates. a good deal as they have large agencys, though, it is to Genji that the narrative returns time and again.A major ambition of legion(predicate) members of the aristocracy in the world of Heian court was to present a daughter to the emperor moth, or his Heir Apparent the supreme goal of a non-imperial noble was to be the grand obtain (via his daughter) of an emperor. As a result, the Emperor usually had a range of recognized relationships with women, not so much as a result of sexual acquisitiveness, but because he was virtually required to make his prestige relatively widely accessible. These ladies did not all have equal rank those on the lowest rungs had a birt h rank which was too low, and they also lacked the indispensable political affirm.1. In the circuit board below, list the character references in the first four chapters, identify their types, and describe their traits.Type your resolution in the tableCharacter TypeCharacter from GenjiCharacter Trait(s)protagonistPrince GenjiThe eponymous hero of the tale, he is the son of an emperor (usually referred to as Kiritsubo Emperor) and of a low-ranking imperial concubine (known to establishers as maam Kiritsubo or Kiritsubo Ki).antagonistEmperor KiritsuboGenjis father, who despite the large social gap surrounded by him and the Kiritsubo Lady, maintains an unwavering devotion to her, tragically exposingher to the jealousy of his other consorts. little characterLady KiritsuboGenjis go and the favorite of Emperor Kiritsubo, Lady Kiritsubo is disadvantaged at court because she lacks parental support. Her father, a Grand Counselor, is already murdered at the beginning of the narrativ e, and her mother cannot provide her with political support. static characterLady MurasakiShe is the daughter of Prince Hybu by a minor consort and related to Fujitsubo on her fathers side (Hybu is Fujitsubos brother, hence Murasaki is Fujitsubos niece).dynamic characterShnagonShe is Murasakis cherish and most all-important(prenominal) protector after the grandmother.2. Analyze the using of the piece in the first four chapters. Note the major events in the first four chapters in the order in which they occur.Type your response here stop OneGenji is born as the sustain son for the Emperor, the son of a beloved concubine of the Emperor, known as the Lady Kiritsubo, whose father is dead, and who depends on the Emperor for all her status. However, Genjis birth raises the ire of the mother of the first son, a lady of much higher rank. Genjis mother dies soon afterwards, and as the Emperor likes Genji, he is elevated within the Court, becoming a very accomplished as well as good-loo king young man. The Emperor would like to do more for Genji, but he cannot because of the power of the first sons mother.His father worries about his sons future, since he has no powerful family behind him, so he makes him a commoner, and part of a non-royal family, giving him the last name Minamoto. (This is the origin of Genjis name gen is an alternate reading of the character for his presumption last name, and ji means name so Genji roughly means bearer of the Minamoto name. It is not his actual name, though.) This allows him to serve as a government officialin writing terms, this device also allows him to belong to both realms, and thereby gives him an increased scope as a character.As a young man, Genji is forced into a married couple of convenience with the daughter of a powerful court figure, but he is never really intellectual with her, although they do eventually have a son, Yugiri. Instead, he falls in love with one of the Emperors concubines, Fujitsubo she strongly res embles his own dead mother (which is why the Emperor, who adored Kiritsubo, brought her to court). He has his first illicit affair with her she becomes pregnant as a result, and gives birth to a boy. The childs true linage is kept concealed, and he is by the Emperor as his own son, eventually ascending to the throne himself.Although feeling guilt because of this affair, Genji goes on to have numerous other affairs with a large number of other court ladies. One of them is the Lady Murasaki, who is Fujitsubos niece she had been placed in his care when she was a girl, and he raised her to be his ideal lady. Genjis wife eventually dies, and he then marries Murasaki.Finally, the exposure of Genjis adultery with a concubine of the new Emperor (who had succeeded Genjis father), a lady of another court faction (which includes the mother of the new Emperor, the old Emperors first son) results in his being exiled for a period. Although the Emperor is not much put out, he is forced by propr iety to send him away since he is in disgrace, Genji must leave Murasaki behind. After a short period in exile in Suma and Akashi, Genji returns to the capital, where his son with Fujitsubo has now become Emperor.As a result, since the new Emperor knows Genji is his real father, Genji rises high in status and position, being appointed to a high official rank. He uses his power and wealth to bring benefits to the women he has loved, including bringing them to live in a palace, a magnificent complex of four interconnected mansions, one for severally of the four seasons, and each housing one of his ladies.His focus becomes advancing the careers of his children and grand-children, and when he manages to submit his daughter, the Akashi Princess (who was the outcome of an affair with a wealthy merchants daughter in Akashi) presented at court, he has reached the zenith of his power and influence. break apart TwoThe previous Emperor, now retired and planning on entering a monastery, had p laced his daughter in Genjis care Genji, moved by the fact that this girl, like Lady Murasaki, is also a niece of his first love, Fujitsubo, agrees to marry her too. However, the girl is very immature, casting him back on his love for Lady Murasaki. However, now that Genji has an official wife, and one of high breeding, that forces Lady Murasaki into seclusion. Genji cannot afford to slight his official wife, the daughter of a retired Emperor, but when Murasaki becomes ill, he abandons the daughter for a lengthy period to look after Murasaki. charm he is doing so, however, Genjis nephew, one of the suitors who had been vying for the young wifes hand before she married Genji, and has not given up his desire for her, eventually manages an affair with her she becomes pregnant, and bears a son, Kaoru. Distraught at Genjis anger, the boys mother retires to a nunnery, and Genji in turn is forced to accept another mans son as his heir this causes him to repent for many of his own similar past actions.Meanwhile, Lady Murasaki, Genjis real love and principal wife of more than xx years (in reality, if not legally), who had long asked Genjis permission to become a nun, and who is still ill, dies before getting the chance. Utterly devastated by this eon of events, Genji begins preparations to take the vows himself, sledding the capital to enter a small mountain temple.Part ThreeThe Tale of Genji continues, although without Genji, who is assumed to have died in seclusion. In his place are Kaoru (his wifes son with her lover), and Genjis grandson Niou, the son of his daughter, the Akashi Princess (who is now Empress). These two carry on the Genji tradition of complex affairs of the pith. Kaoru considers entering the monastic life because he isunable to come to terms with the world of his time. He begins visiting one of the princes, who likewise disappointed with court life, has gone into reclusion in Uji Kaoru finds him a kindred spirit. While there, he finally hears t he secret of his own birth, and he also meets the Princes daughter, Oigimi, to whom he is strongly attracted.After the death of the Prince, Kaoru proposes man and wife to Oigimi, but she suppresses her own feelings for him, and instead encourages him to marry her younger sister, Nakanokimi. Kaoru, for his part, urges Niou to marry Naka-no-kimi, and Niou succeeds in seducing Naka-no-kimi. Kaoru tries to get Oigimi to agree to the marriage of Niou and Naka-no-kimi however, the sisters come to feel that both men are trifling with them, and Oigimi decides to starve herself to death before she can reconsider her rejection of Kaoru.After her death, Niou is forced by intense political and parental pressure to take as his main wife a daughter of Genjis son Yugiri. Kaoru now transfers his attentions to Naka-no-kimi, who reminds him of the dead Oigimi she is tormented by his persistent wooing. She tries to interest him in Ukifune, her half-sister by a different mother, who also looks like O igimi.When Kaoru sees her, he falls in love with her but so does Niou, when he comes to visit. Kaoru succeeds in having an affair with her, but so does Niou. Kaoru would be the more important catch, but she is much more strongly drawn to Niou. Ukifune sees no solution to this tangle other than to drown herself in the river.On the verge of doing so, and suffering from amnesia from the stress, she is salvage by a senior religious figure she then goes to Ono in his company, and becomes a nun there when her memory partially returns. When Kaoru discovers where she is, she recants to meet him the story dead ends there.Part threeGenjis curiosity is aroused by whoever might be in the house of yugao, so he sends Koremitsu to investigate, who reports back that To-no-Chujo had beenthere and that a lady evidently resided within. Genji cannot resist, so he disguises himself and arranges a secret meeting through her maid, Ukon.Yugao is a very frail, submissive beauty, and Genji is reminded of To-no-Chujos rainy night story. unlike To-no-Chujo, however, Genji is attracted by this gentility, and resolves to take her away. Unable to resist, and very frightened, Yugao is rushed off with Ukon to a deserted mansion. That night, Genji dreams of a jealous lady resembling Lady Rokujo, and when he wakes he sees an spectre by Yugaos pillow. He tries to wake her, but she is no longer breathing. Genji panics, wakes Ukon and Koremitsu, but it is too late, she is dead. Koremitsu sends Genji back to his palace at Nijo and takes her body to a nunnery in the eastern hills for funeral rites.At Nijo, Genji is unsettled by recent events and cannot appear at court. He sets out on horseback with Koremitsu to see Yugaos body, but on the return journey he feels ill and falls off his horse. The illness lasts for quite roughly time, and when he recovers he confirms with Ukon that Yugao was in fact To-no-Chujos mistress. Genji retains Ukon and asks her to find Yugaos daughter, intending to rais e her himself. The chapter end with a final poetic exchange with Utsusemi, whom Genji also loses.Task 2 Analyze Part I of Genji MonogatariNow read the remaining chapters of Part I. After you have finished, quote at least five examples of the use of imagery and symbolism in Part I.Type your response here1. Genji was suffering from malaria. He took four or five attendants along to visit a sage in the northern hills. He was a most accomplished worker of cures. 2. Then a pretty girl of perhaps ten ran in and complained to the nun in a weeping voice that Inuki had let her baby sparrows loose. That was the first time Genji saw the Murasaki-no-Ue. 3. The bishop gave farewell presents a rosary of carved ebony which Prince Shotoku had obtained in Korea, still in the original Chinese box, mantled and attached to a branch of cinquefoil pine and several medical bottles of indigo decorated withspray of cherry and wisteria. 4. It was still dark when Genji make his departure, expiry his word tha t he would come back. There was a heavy mist and the ground was white. Passing the house of a charwoman he had been seeing in secret, he had approximatelyone knock on the gate. There was no answer, and so he had someone else from his retinue, a man of very good voice, chant a poem of his. Though there was a poem given in response, no one came out. 5. Before Prince Hyobu, the father of the girl, came, Genji took the girl away to his Nijo planetary house in the middle of night. Genji worked hard to make them feel at home. He wrote down poems and drew pictures for her to copy.Task 3 Analyze Part II of Genji MonogatariRead Part II of Genji Monogatari. After you have finished, answer the following questions.a. Analyze the festering of the secret plan in Part II. Note the major events in the order in which they occur.Type your response hereThe ceremony of the initiation of the Third Princess took place at the end of the year. A large array of splendid gifts came from the Suzaku empero r and others. From Akikonomu came some combs, which had been sent by the Suzaku emperor when she married. The Day of the Rat fell on the twenty-third of the First Month. On that day, people celebrated the Genjis fortieth birthday. Tamakazura came with some new herbs that promised long life. She had brought her two sons. Her young and beautiful face reminded Genji of his old age and his lost days. Towards the middle of the Second Month, the Third Princess came to Rokujo to marry Genji. Genji could not refuse the request of Suzaku who had been looking for someone to support for his daughter. There was also another reason that Genji was induced to marry her.For the Third Princess was a niece of Fujitsubo. In the Tenth Month, Murasaki made offerings in Genjis honor. Choosing a temple in Saga, she commissioned a reading of the sutras for the protection of the realm. Ending the fast, a banquet was arranged at the Nijo residence and attended by many people in festive dress. The musicians t ook their places. Yugiri and Kashiwagi wentout and danced under a tree of plum rouge. As it had become true, he would like to withdraw from the world and go off into the deep mountains. The old nuns grief was limitless. As she was the wife of Genji, it was forbidden love. Kashiwagi called the cat and took it up in his arms. Mewing prettily, it brought the image of the Third Princess back to him.a. Describe the events around Murasakis death?Type your response hereWhen Emperor Ichij died in 1011, Shshi retired from the Imperial Palace to live in a Fujiwara mansion in Biwa, most likely accompanied by Murasaki, who is recorded as being there with Shshi in 1013. George Aston explains that when Murasaki retired from court she was again associated with Ishiyama-dera To this beautiful spot, it is said, Murasaki no Shikibu retired from court life to devote the remainder of her days to literature and religion. There are sceptics, however, Motori being one, who refuse to believe this story, po inting out that it is incongruous with known facts. Murasaki may have died in 1014.Her father made a hasty return to Kyoto from his post at Echigo Province that year, possibly because of her death. Shirane mentions that 1014 is generally evaluate as the date of Murasaki Shikibus death and 973 as the date of her birth, making her 41 when she died. Bowring considers 1014 to be speculative, and believes she may have lived with Shshi until as late as 1025. Waley agrees given that Murasaki may have attended ceremonies with Shshi held for her son, Emperor Go-Ichij around 1025.Murasakis brother Nubonori died in around 1011, which, combined with the death of his daughter, may have prompted her father to exempt his post and take vows at Miidera temple where he died in 1029. Murasakis daughter entered court service in 1025 as a wet nurse to the future Emperor Go-Reizei (102568). She went on to become a well-known poet as Daini no Sanmib. Why does Genji agree to marry the daughter of the S uzaku emperor? Why does their marriage fail?Type your response hereGenjis marriage to the Third Princess, the favorite daughter of his elder brother Suzaku, emphasized Genjis reasons for accepting this marriage and the ways in which it affected the relationship between him and Murasaki. However, it also prepared the ground for a further treatment of the relationship between Genji and Suzaku himself. Kokiden once intend to marry her much younger sister Oborozukiyo to her son, then still heir apparent. Before she could do so, however, Genji made love to the young woman himself (Hana no En), striking up with her a passionate, lasting affair. Suzaku knows that the two remain in touch even after his accession, and because he loves Oborozukiyo, the difference between possessing her person and her heart torments him. The opening passage of Miotsukushi makes these feelings clear. Genji has returned from exile and is about to sweep Suzaku aside, together with everyone who ever supported him .c. Name and describe three key characters who appear in this part of the novel (or whose roles have advanced in this part). What role do they play? What evidence from the text can you provide that they are round characters, and thus have an important role? How do they interact with and challenge or support the protagonist? Use this table to capture your answers.Type your response in the tableKey CharacterRole and TraitsInteraction with GenjiTextual EvidenceLady Fujitsubofirst as a stepmother but later as a womanthey fall in love with each other.Basically love at first sight They have a son together that is kept secret while she is married to the Emperor Kiritsubo now the little boy is crown she became Empress but Genji n her kept it secret Aoi no UeHis first wife and the daughter of the Minister of Left. She marries Genji when she is sixteen and he only twelve They have a son together name Ygiri but dies afterHe engages in a series of unfulfilling love affairs with other women, but in most cases his advances are rebuffed, his lover dies suddenly during the affair, or he becomes bored of his lover.MurasakiShe is the second wife and daughter of a provincial governor who probably belonged to a minor branch of the mighty Fujiwara clan. She served as a lady-in-waiting to the Empress Shoshi (a daughter of the powerful Fujiwara Michinaga), and was a literary contemporary and rival of Sei Shnagon she is a niece of the Lady Fujitsubo but marries after Aoi death he kidnaps her, brings her to his own palace and educates her to be his ideal lady that is, like the Lady Fujitsubo.But he was expose about all his love affairs.Then she later die.Task 5 Analyze Part III of Genji MonogatariNow that you have read Parts I and II, complete the novel by reading Part III of Genji Monogatari. After you have finished, answer the following questions.In this part, the legacy of Genji continues. Genji, who has died in seclusion, is succeeded by Kaoru and his grandson Niou. Does the sett ing change in this part? If yes, how? What impact has the change had on the action and characters in the novel?Type your response hereYes the setting has change because his son Kaoru and grandson Niou didnt want to accept the Lord Inspector offer to marry his daughter but niou liked the step daughter of entitle inspector. Kaoru is a retired emperor. They were into frangance and music. Genji had love affairs to all the women from father wives to brother wives to other wives. I guess hearing the expose of his love affairs Kaoru n Niou didnt agree so they went on their own path.Task 6 Analyze the SettingGenji Monogatari has a foreign, historical setting. It is important to understand the culture and union in which a story is set to fully appreciate it. Use these resources to learn more about the era and the prevalent culture of that timewomen in the pre-Heian erawomen in The Tale of Genjicustoms and court traditions during the Heian eraAnalyze the setting within the context of the er a and culture in which the story is set. List important details that shed light on the setting of the story. Explain what each reference above reveals about the society or culture in which the story is based.Type your response hereYour introduction should state the focus of your try on, as well as the theme of the work. Think of the introduction as a roadmap that the essay will follow. The conclusions that are made along the way must be supported by thoughtful analysis and textual evidence from the piece. Use your notes and responses to the questions in the other tasks as raw material to stich together in this essay. Submit your essay as a separate document along with this activity.EvaluationYour instructor will use these rubrics to evaluate the completeness of your work as well as the clarity of thinking you exhibit.Task 1 Analyze Literary Elements in Genji MonogatariConcepts place(4 points)Accurately describes the theme of the story and the sequence of eventsExplains in detail h ow the narrative sensory system is appropriate to the story Lists multiple characters, including the protagonist, and describes their character traits in detail practiced(3 points)Describes the theme of the story and the sequence of events Explains how the narrative mode is appropriate to the storyLists many characters, including the protagonist, and describes their character traits adequately underdeveloped(2 points)Roughly describes the theme of the story and the sequence of eventsRoughly explains how the narrative mode is appropriate to the story Lists some characters, including the protagonist, and mentions their character traitsBeginning(1 point)Attempts to describe the theme of the story and the sequence of eventsAttempts to explain how the narrative mode is appropriate to the story Lists very a few(prenominal) characters and does not correctly describe the character traits of some charactersTask 2 Analyze Part I of Genji MonogatariConcepts stately(4 points)Thoroughly analyz es the use of imagery and symbolism in the storyDeeply explores the significance of symbols usedProvides abundant evidence to support analysisProficient(3 points)adequately analyzes the use of imagery and symbolism in the storyAdequatelyexplores the significance of symbols usedProvides sufficient evidence to support analysisDeveloping(2 points)Briefly analyzes the use of imagery and symbolism in the storyAttempts to explore the significance of symbols usedProvides some evidence to support analysisBeginning(1 point)Does not analyze the use of imagery and symbolism in the story adequatelyStruggles to explore the significance of symbols usedFails to provides evidence to support analysisTask 3 Analyze Part II of Genji MonogatariConceptsDistinguished(4 points)Accurately analyzes the major events and development of the plot Thoroughly answers questions precise to charactersLists many key charactersThoroughly describes the role of key characters in the plot by providing relevant textual e videnceProficient(3 points)Correctly analyzes the major events and development of the plotAdequately answers questions specific to charactersLists some key charactersAdequately describes the role of key characters in the plot by providing somewhat relevant textual evidenceDeveloping(2 points)Roughly analyzes the major events and development of the plotStruggles toanswer questions specific to charactersMentions at least one key characterStruggles to describe the role of key characters in the plotBeginning(1 point)Vaguely analyzes the major events and development of the plotDoes not answer questions specific to characters adequatelyDoes not list key charactersDoes not describe the role of key characters in the plot adequatelyTask 4 Analyze Part III of Genji MonogatariConceptsDistinguished(4 points)Accurately analyzes the change in settingThoroughly describes the plot outline of the storyThoroughly explains how the development of plot retains or diminishes ref interestLists many key a ctions of the primary characterThoroughly describes the apparent motives of the primary characterProvides relevant and insightful passages to support the analysis of the characters motivesProficient(3 points)Correctly analyzes the change in settingAdequately describes the plot outline of the storyAdequately explains how the development of plot retains or diminishes reader interestLists some key actions of the primary characterAdequately describes the apparent motives of the primary characterProvides relevant passages to support the analysis of the characters motivesDeveloping(2 points)Roughly analyzes the change in settingStruggles to describe the plot outline of the storyStruggles to explain how the development of plot retains or diminishes reader interestLists a few key actions of the primary characterStruggles to describe the apparent motives of the primary characterProvides somewhat relevant passages to support the analysis of the characters motivesBeginning(1 point)Vaguely anal yzes the change in settingDoes not describe the plot outline of the story adequatelyDoes not explain how the development of plot retains or diminishes reader interest adequatelyLists no key actions of the primary characterDoes not describe the apparent motives of the primary character adequatelyDoes not provide relevant passages to support the analysis of the characters motivesTask 5 Analyze the SettingConceptsDistinguished(4 points)Correctly identifies and lists multiple references to the time period and thoroughly explains their implicationsAccurately analyzes the setting of the storyLists multiple details that provide insight into the settingThoroughly explains what each reference reveals about the society or culture in which the story is basedProficient(3 points)Correctly identifies and lists many references to the time period and adequately explains their implicationsCorrectly analyzes the setting of the storyLists many details that provide insight into the settingAdequately ex plains what each reference reveals about the society or culture in which the story is basedDeveloping(2 points)Correctly identifies and lists some references to the time period andexplains some of their implicationsRoughly analyzes the setting of the storyLists some details that provide insight into the settingStruggles to explain what each reference reveals about the society or culture in which the story is basedBeginning(1 point)Correctly identifies and lists very few references to the time period and does not explain their implications adequatelyVaguely analyzes the setting of the storyLists few details that provide insight into the settingDoes not explain what each reference reveals about the society or culture in which the story is basedTask 6 Literary Analysis Essay on Genji MonogatariConceptsDistinguished(4 points)The introduction accurately states the focus of the essay and the theme of the work. The essay thoroughly covers most literary elements and analyzes the cumulative effect of the literary elements used and the connections between them. The essay thoroughly analyzes the authors development of the overall theme. The conclusions are thoroughly supported by thoughtful analysis and textual evidence. The essay does not contain any grammatical, spelling, and punctuation mark errors.Proficient(3 points)The introduction correctly states the focus of the essay and the theme of the work. The essay adequately covers most literary elements and analyzes the cumulative effect of the literary elements used and the connections between them. The essay adequately analyzes the authors development of the overall theme. The conclusions are adequately supported by thoughtful analysis and textual evidence. The essay contains few grammatical, spelling, and punctuation errors.Developing(2 points)The introduction roughly states the focus of the essay and the theme of the work. The essay acceptably covers some literary elements, but struggles to analyze the cumulative ef fect of the literary elements used and the connections between them. The essay struggles to analyze the authors development of the overall theme. The conclusions are weakly supported by analysis and textual evidence. The essay contains noticeable grammatical, spelling, and punctuation errors.Beginning(1 point)The introduction vaguely states the focus of the essay and the theme of the work. The essay does not cover literary elements adequately or analyze their connections well. The essay does not analyze the authors development of the overall theme adequately. The conclusions are not supported adequately.The essay contains numerous grammatical, spelling, and punctuation errors.